Abstract

The study deals with a significant current need to respect important natural geofactors of engineering-geological conditions in land-use planning and also to improve awareness of future developers at building offices by means of made map analyses. The tool that allows that is geographic information systems. The factors characterizing the geological environment are numerous while the study deals with two of them which are not currently taken into consideration in land-use planning. These are workability of rocks and Prequaternary bedrock. The research was carried out in the area numbered 3, which is one out of five realized model areas in the future. It is located in Ostrava, the third largest agglomeration in the north-west of the Czech Republic, which has been most affected by anthropogenic industrial and mining
activities among the Czech cities as well as in the European scope. The area is defined by a map sheet 15-41-25 in the district of Slezská Ostrava (Koblov, Antošovice) and outside Ostrava it reaches to Šilheřovice, Vrbice and Pudlov.

Abstract

Exploitation of mineral resources has resulted in destruction of vast amounts of land. Mining destroys vegetation, causes extensive soil damage, and alters microbial communities. Reclamation of abandoned mine land is the process to restore the ecological integrity of these disturbed areas. It includes the management of all types of physical, chemical and biological disturbances of soils such as soil pH, fertility, microbial community and various soil nutrient cycles make the degraded land soil productive. Productivity of soil can be increased by adding various natural amendments such as saw dust, wood residues, sewage sludge, animal manures as these amendments stimulate the microbial activity and which provides the nutrients (N, P) and organic carbon to soil. The top soil is seriously damaged during mineral extraction. The consequences of physical disturbance to the top soil during stripping, stockpiling, and reinstatement were to cause unusually large N transformations and movements with eventually substantial loss. Management of top soil is important for reclamation plan to reduce the N
losses and to increase soil nutrients and microbes. Revegetation constitutes the most widely accepted and useful way to reduce erosion and protect soils against degradation during reclamation. Mine restoration efforts have focused on N-fixing species of legumes, grasses, herbs, and trees. Metal tolerant plants can be effective for acidic and heavy metals bearing soils. Reclamation of abandoned mine land is a very complex process. Once the reclamation plan is complete and vegetation has established, the assessment of the reclaimed site is necessary to evaluate the success of reclamation. Evaluation of reclamation success focuses on measuring the occurrence and distribution of soil microflora community which is regulated by
interactions between C and nutrient availabilities. Reclamation success also measures the structure and functioning of my corrhizal symbiosis and various enzymatic activities in soil.
This paper includes physical, chemical and biological mine soil properties, their management to make soil productive, top soil management, vegetation of various species and assessment of effectiveness of reclamation.

Abstract

Obvious feature of the dissipation of Neopaleozoic nature gas has been known in the north part of the mid-north of Ordos Basin where the nature gas had concentrated, especially in the vastly area of the north-east part,Such as a great quantity of the Cretaceous oil seepages are being founded in the Wulangeer ancient uplifted area of the northern part of the basin,According to the relevant tests of geological and geochemical, they indicated that the oil seepages were the gasol which was formed by the upper maturity coaliferous gas, which came from the Neopaleozoic coal formations of the south part. Also, because of mutual action of the superficial blanket where the natural gas went through and effusion and the surrounding light ground, various of reductive alterations were formed. Such as large scale of green-color alteration zone was formed in the Zhiluo formation of the north-east of the basin and bleach phenomenon was occured on the top of the Yanan formation.Studies have shown that this kind of rock was formed in the strong reduction environment and was deoxidized secondly with oxidizing rocks by the fluid that is the mixture of the effusion hydrocarbon and the atmospheric water.
Through the study of fluid inclusion of the Shanxi formation in the north part of the basin, it indicated that the dissipative direction of the nature gas was from the south to the north, finally converged in the northeast part of the study area. According to the ideal gas condition equation, the preliminary calculation of the dispersed proportion of natural gas was 39.7 percent.
According to the testing in the study area, high contents of series of the aliphatic acid carbomethoxy group compound was founded in the organic material of uranium bearing sandstone of Zhiluo formation, and research shows that they were formed through the reaction of the dispersed Neopaleozoic nature gas and the groundwater solution containing the uranylion. Similarly, the truth also proved that the north – east part of Dongsheng area had experienced the large-scale dissipative and reductive alteration affected by the nature gas.
The understand of the above mentioned shows that the study of green-color alteration and bleach phenomenon can denote the direction of hydrocarbon migratory and dissipative in the basin. Simultaneously, further research of dispersed amount of the hydrocarbon has important significance to the comprehensive evaluation of the hydrocarbon estimation. In addition, since the green-color alteration zone in the north-east of the basin controlled the output of large-scale uranium mineralization, strengthening the study can present very important applied values to found the sandstone-type uranium deposit in the basin.

Abstract

Tunnel or any other underground room construction in general is a complex problem. The complexity of the problem is reflected in the spatial position of underground room, which may be close to the surface terrain and environment in which the object is located. In many cases environment is heterogeneous, and special attention in this work is given to the fault zone impact on distribution of the stress and deformation states around the room.
The calculations is performed in steps of load increasing, and in this work are given the views of vertical shifts allocation, the appearance of plasticity in the massif and the position of occurrence of cracks in the tunnel screening. It also presents a distribution of vertical and tangential stress of the massif.
Analysis of stress – deformation state was made with the finite element method. Rock material was modeled as elasticity-plastic material with Mohr-Coulomb fracture condition and the support material is concrete MB 300 and it was modeled as concrete material.

Abstract

Problems presented in this paper are dedicated for definition the impact of geomechanical properties of coal series in order to determine the rational parameters of constructive support for mechanized stope , on the example of “Stara jama” mine “Lubnica“ – Zaječar.
The main direction of mining system development of coal deposits aims to mechanized longwall face. The most influential conditions for successful work are natural-geological conditions of deposit. From complex of influential factors that define the conditions of exploitation, and determine the technical-economic and security settings is separate segment of geomechanical properties of working environment, and all necessary researches and testing have done.
For defining the impact of geomechanical properties here were used systematic methods of data analysis on working factors in the mines with similar conditions, and for the analysis of the primary state of stress and deformation is applied mathematical modeling using finite elements. The results can be used in other coal mines with similar conditions of deposits in Serbia and abroad.

Abstract

The evaluation of the impact of waste rock application in hydric reclamation of natural water-bearing subsidence troughs in the Karviná Region was carried out in sixteen localities where waste rock had been used in the past for the purposes of bank system improvement. Within the evaluation of waste rock impact on the hydrochemical character of water in the subsidence troughs the values of geochemical background were identified. In order to compare the impact of waste rock on the quality of water, changes in the hydrochemical parameters were monitored in the localities without waste rock banking, with partial (maximum 1⁄2 circumference) and complete waste rock banking.

Abstract

This paper reviews analysis possibility and advantages of application trolley assist diesel-electric AC (alternating current) trucks for hauling on the pit mines of black coal Banovići. Trolley assist is an option that saves diesel fuel by using overhead electrical power in place of the diesel engine for uphill hauls. Operating on trolley mode, the truck speed increase, depend on grade the reduction in fuel consumption is as high as 80 % for the trolley haul ramp and even to 50 % across the entire haulage network. Beside this, trolley assist has many other benefits. Analysis is performed for case application 254 t capacity Euclid-Hitachi EH4500 AC drive trucks.

Abstract

The pilot study deals with the monitoring of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content (PAHs) in the sediments of water-bearing subsidence troughs in the Karviná Region. The significance of PAHs as an indicator of immission strain is also evidenced by the results of PAHs content monitoring of the air in the Karviná Region, namely with regard to the fact that PAHs are some of the typical organic pollutants in the overall Ostrava- Karviná industrial agglomeration. The assessed localities are water areas used for free-time fishing, as well as a locality with prevailing banking of waste rock, i.e. frequently used
material for the redevelopment of the territory. For the purposes of the pilot study, only six PAH congeners were monitored in the sediments, namely: anthracene (ANT), benzo[a]-anthracene (BaA), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenzo[ah]-anthracene (DBahA), benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiPRL) and their sum. The obtained values of the monitored PAHs were compared with their contents in the air of the monitored territory.